Τζοντπούρ Ινδία

Τζοντπούρ, πόλη, κεντρικό κράτος του Ρατζαστάν, βορειοδυτική Ινδία. Βρίσκεται βορειοδυτικά του ποταμού Luni σε μια αποστειρωμένη γη καλυμμένη με ψηλούς λόφους με άμμο. Η περιοχή αναφέρεται μερικές φορές ως Marwar (προέρχεται από τον πόλεμο maru [«περιοχή του θανάτου»] λόγω των σκληρών συνθηκών της ερήμου της περιοχής). Οι βόρειες και βορειοδυτικές περιοχές αποτελούν μέρος της ερήμου Thar (Μεγάλη Ινδία).

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Ιστορία

Η πόλη ιδρύθηκε το 1459 από τον Rao Jodha, έναν Rajput (έναν από τους πολεμιστές ηγέτες της ιστορικής περιοχής Rajputana) και χρησίμευσε ως πρωτεύουσα της πριγκηπιστής πολιτείας του Jodhpur. Το πρίγκιπες πολιτείες ιδρύθηκε περίπου το 1212, έφτασε στο αποκορύφωμα της εξουσίας του υπό τον κυβερνήτη Ράο Μαλδέο (1532–69), και έδωσε πίστη στους Μουγκούλ μετά την εισβολή του αυτοκράτορα Μουγκλάρ Αμπάμπ το 1561. Ο αυτοκράτορας Μουγκάλ Αουρανγκζέμπ εισέβαλε και λεηλάτησε την περιοχή Marwar το 1679, διατάζοντας τη μετατροπή των κατοίκων της στο Ισλάμ.

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The princely states of Jodhpur, Jaipur, and Udaipur formed an alliance, however, and prevented control by the Muslims. The Jodhpur and Jaipur princes then regained the privilege of marriage with the Udaipur family—which they had forfeited when they allied with the Mughals—on condition that children of Udaipur princesses be first in succession. Quarrels resulting from that stipulation, however, finally led to the establishment of the supremacy of the Marathas, a Hindu warrior caste.

In 1818 Jodhpur came under British paramountcy. It was the largest princely state in the Rajputana Agency—the British governing entity in the region—occupying much of the central and southwestern portions of what is now Rajasthan state. It joined Rajasthan in 1949.

The contemporary city

Jodhpur is a major regional road and rail junction and a trade centre for agricultural crops, wool, cattle, salt, and hides. An airport handles domestic flights. The city has engineering and railway workshops and manufactures cotton textiles, brass and iron utensils, bicycles, ink, and polo equipment. Jodhpur is famous for its handicraft products, which include ivory goods, glass bangles, cutlery, dyed cloth, lacquerwork, felt and leather products, marble stonework, and carpets. Tourism is an important component of the city’s economy.

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Jodhpur, the second largest city of Rajasthan, is the seat of the Rajasthan state high court. The city is the site of an air force college, the University of Jodhpur (established 1962), and a medical college affiliated with the University of Rajasthan in Jaipur (the state capital). Parts of Jodhpur are surrounded by an 18th-century wall. Mehrangarh Fort, which contains the maharaja’s palace and a historical museum, is built on an isolated rock eminence that dominates the city. The 4th-century ruins of Mandor, the ancient capital of Marwar, lie immediately to the north. In addition to the fort, Jodhpur’s other notable buildings include the Umaid Bhawan Palace, the home of the Jodhpur royal family and also a luxury hotel, and the white marble Jaswant Thada, a memorial to the 19th-century ruler Jaswant Singh II.

Jodhpur’s surrounding region is largely agricultural.Bajra (pearl millet), pulses, jowar (grain sorghum), oilseeds, mung (the edible seeds of an Asian bean), and corn (maize) are the chief crops; some cotton and wheat are also produced. Lignite, iron ore, tungsten, garnet, glass-sand, and gypsum deposits are worked. There are several poultry farms, and sheep, cattle, and camels are bred. Pop. (2001) 851,051; (2011) 1,033,756.